Experiment with CPU scheduling, memory management, and synchronization.

1. CPU Scheduling

   Run the same four processes with FCFS, SJF, and round robin, then compare waiting times.

2. Race Conditions and Critical Sections

   Make two threads increment the same counter and see how an expected result of two can become one.

3. Mutexes

   Protect a critical section with a single-owner lock and explore priority inversion.

4. Semaphores

   Use a resource counter to coordinate threads in a parking lot and a producer–consumer buffer.

5. Deadlock

   Watch five dining philosophers deadlock while holding one fork each, then break the cycle.

6. Page Replacement

   Compare FIFO, LRU, and OPT when memory is full and a page must be evicted.

7. Memory Allocation and Fragmentation

   Compare first-fit, best-fit, and worst-fit allocation and observe free memory fragmenting.